{"cve":"CVE-2021-29443","nvd":{"published":"2021-04-16T18:15:13.590","modified":"2026-06-22T03:10:06.180","status":"Modified","description":"jose is an npm library providing a number of cryptographic operations. In vulnerable versions AES_CBC_HMAC_SHA2 Algorithm (A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512) decryption would always execute both HMAC tag verification and CBC decryption, if either failed `JWEDecryptionFailed` would be thrown. A possibly observable difference in timing when padding error would occur while decrypting the ciphertext makes a padding oracle and an adversary might be able to make use of that oracle to decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). All major release versions have had a patch released which ensures the HMAC tag is verified before performing CBC decryption. The fixed versions are `^1.28.1 || ^2.0.5 || >=3.11.4`. Users should upgrade their v1.x dependency to ^1.28.1, their v2.x dependency to ^2.0.5, and their v3.x dependency to ^3.11.4. Thanks to Jason from Microsoft Vulnerability Research (MSVR) for bringing this up and Eva Sarafianou (@esarafianou) for helping to score this advisory.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":5.9},"cwes":["CWE-203"],"references":["https://github.com/panva/jose/security/advisories/GHSA-58f5-hfqc-jgch","https://www.npmjs.com/package/jose","https://github.com/panva/jose/security/advisories/GHSA-58f5-hfqc-jgch","https://www.npmjs.com/package/jose"],"products":["panva:jose"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:17:01.373894544+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2021-29443","score":0.01167,"percentile":0.67355,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-58f5-hfqc-jgch","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-58f5-hfqc-jgch","summary":"Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose","modified":"2026-07-08T06:27:54.450991309Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"jose","purl":"pkg:npm/jose","ranges":[">=1.0.0 <1.28.1"],"fixed":["1.28.1"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"jose","purl":"pkg:npm/jose","ranges":[">=2.0.0 <2.0.5"],"fixed":["2.0.5"]},{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"jose","purl":"pkg:npm/jose","ranges":[">=3.0.0 <3.11.4"],"fixed":["3.11.4"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}