{"cve":"CVE-2021-28834","nvd":{"published":"2021-03-19T07:15:13.147","modified":"2026-06-17T03:46:57.807","status":"Modified","description":"Kramdown before 2.3.1 does not restrict Rouge formatters to the Rouge::Formatters namespace, and thus arbitrary classes can be instantiated.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8},"cwes":[],"references":["https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/compare/REL_2_3_0...REL_2_3_1","https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/pull/708","https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/commit/179329b5c3c118924fb242dc449d06b4ed6ccb66","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NJCJVYHPY6LNUFM6LYZIAUIYOMVT5QGV/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S3BBLUIDCUUR3NEE4NJLOCCAV3ALQ3O6/"],"products":["debian:debian_linux","fedoraproject:fedora","kramdown_project:kramdown"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:15:50.279857260+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2021-28834","score":0.02695,"percentile":0.85908,"date":"2026-11-01"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-52p9-v744-mwjj","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-52p9-v744-mwjj","summary":"Remote code execution in Kramdown","modified":"2024-02-17T05:35:38.398887Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"kramdown","purl":"pkg:gem/kramdown","ranges":[">=1.16.0 <2.3.1"],"fixed":["2.3.1"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}