{"cve":"CVE-2018-18688","nvd":{"published":"2021-01-07T18:15:12.497","modified":"2026-06-17T01:47:41.677","status":"Modified","description":"The Portable Document Format (PDF) specification does not provide any information regarding the concrete procedure of how to validate signatures. Consequently, an Incremental Saving vulnerability exists in multiple products. When an attacker uses the Incremental Saving feature to add pages or annotations, Body Updates are displayed to the user without any action by the signature-validation logic. This affects Foxit Reader before 9.4 and PhantomPDF before 8.3.9 and 9.x before 9.4. It also affects LibreOffice, Master PDF Editor, Nitro Pro, Nitro Reader, Nuance Power PDF Standard, PDF Editor 6 Pro, PDFelement6 Pro, PDF Studio Viewer 2018, PDF Studio Pro, Perfect PDF 10 Premium, and Perfect PDF Reader.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","score":5.3},"cwes":["CWE-347"],"references":["https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html","https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/signature.html","https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php","https://www.pdfa.org/recently-identified-pdf-digital-signature-vulnerabilities/","https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html"],"products":["code-industry:master_pdf_editor","foxitsoftware:foxit_reader","foxitsoftware:phantompdf","gonitro:nitro_pro","gonitro:nitro_reader","iskysoft:pdf_editor_6","iskysoft:pdfelement6","libreoffice:libreoffice","nuance:power_pdf_standard","qoppa:pdf_studio","qoppa:pdf_studio_viewer_2018","soft-xpansion:perfect_pdf_10","soft-xpansion:perfect_pdf_reader"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T21:12:09.559580076+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2018-18688","score":0.01146,"percentile":0.66783,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}