{"cve":"CVE-2018-18068","nvd":{"published":"2019-04-04T20:29:00.220","modified":"2026-06-17T01:46:43.970","status":"Modified","description":"The ARM-based hardware debugging feature on Raspberry Pi 3 module B+ and possibly other devices allows non-secure EL1 code to read/write any EL3 (the highest privilege level in ARMv8) memory/register via inter-processor debugging. With a debug host processor A running in non-secure EL1 and a debug target processor B running in any privilege level, the debugging feature allows A to halt B and promote B to any privilege level. As a debug host, A has full control of B even if B owns a higher privilege level than A. Accordingly, A can read/write any EL3 memory/register via B. Also, with this memory access, A can execute arbitrary code in EL3.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8},"cwes":["CWE-668"],"references":["http://www.cs.wayne.edu/fengwei/paper/nailgun-sp19.pdf","https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sp/2019/666000b157/17D45WHONhv","http://www.cs.wayne.edu/fengwei/paper/nailgun-sp19.pdf","https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings-article/sp/2019/666000b157/17D45WHONhv"],"products":["raspberrypi:raspberry_pi_3_model_b\\+_firmware"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:55:22.313337056+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2018-18068","score":0.03326,"percentile":0.88608,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}