{"cve":"CVE-2018-18056","nvd":{"published":"2019-08-20T17:15:11.087","modified":"2026-06-17T01:46:42.647","status":"Modified","description":"An issue was discovered in the Texas Instruments (TI) TM4C, MSP432E and MSP432P microcontroller series. The eXecute-Only-Memory (XOM) implementation prevents code read-outs on protected memory by generating bus faults. However, single-stepping and using breakpoints is allowed in XOM-protected flash memory. As a consequence, it is possible to execute single instructions with arbitrary system states (e.g., registers, status flags, and SRAM content) and observe the state changes produced by the unknown instruction. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by executing protected and unknown instructions with specific system states and observing the state changes. Based on the gathered information, it is possible to reverse-engineer the executed instructions. The processor acts as a kind of \"instruction oracle.\"","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","score":4.6},"cwes":["CWE-200"],"references":["https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot19/presentation/schink","https://www.usenix.org/system/files/woot19-paper_schink.pdf","https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot19/presentation/schink","https://www.usenix.org/system/files/woot19-paper_schink.pdf"],"products":["ti:tm4c123_firmware","ti:tm4c129_firmware"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:58:39.700375520+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2018-18056","score":0.00405,"percentile":0.34832,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}