{"cve":"CVE-2018-16471","nvd":{"published":"2018-11-13T23:29:00.310","modified":"2026-06-17T01:44:21.053","status":"Modified","description":"There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the `scheme` method on `Rack::Request`. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","score":6.1},"cwes":["CWE-79"],"references":["http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-06/msg00032.html","http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-02/msg00016.html","https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21topic/rubyonrails-security/GKsAFT924Ag","https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/11/msg00022.html","https://usn.ubuntu.com/4089-1/"],"products":["debian:debian_linux","rack_project:rack"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:53:59.789560037+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2018-16471","score":0.0189,"percentile":0.7956,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-5r2p-j47h-mhpg","summary":"Rack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting","modified":"2024-02-18T05:22:09.088480Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","ranges":[">=2.0.0 <2.0.6"],"fixed":["2.0.6"]},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"rack","purl":"pkg:gem/rack","ranges":["<1.6.11"],"fixed":["1.6.11"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}