{"cve":"CVE-2018-16395","nvd":{"published":"2018-11-16T18:29:00.943","modified":"2026-06-17T01:44:12.863","status":"Modified","description":"An issue was discovered in the OpenSSL library in Ruby before 2.3.8, 2.4.x before 2.4.5, 2.5.x before 2.5.2, and 2.6.x before 2.6.0-preview3. When two OpenSSL::X509::Name objects are compared using ==, depending on the ordering, non-equal objects may return true. When the first argument is one character longer than the second, or the second argument contains a character that is one less than a character in the same position of the first argument, the result of == will be true. This could be leveraged to create an illegitimate certificate that may be accepted as legitimate and then used in signing or encryption operations.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":9.8},"cwes":[],"references":["http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-07/msg00036.html","http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1042105","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3729","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3730","https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3731"],"products":["canonical:ubuntu_linux","debian:debian_linux","redhat:enterprise_linux","ruby-lang:openssl","ruby-lang:ruby"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:53:59.789560037+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2018-16395","score":0.10715,"percentile":0.95819,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-mmrq-6999-72v8","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-mmrq-6999-72v8","summary":"Ruby Openssl Allows Incorrect Value Comparison","modified":"2024-12-03T06:08:23.917433Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"openssl","purl":"pkg:gem/openssl","ranges":["<2.0.9"],"fixed":["2.0.9"]},{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","name":"openssl","purl":"pkg:gem/openssl","ranges":[">=2.1.0 <2.1.2"],"fixed":["2.1.2"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}