{"cve":"CVE-2016-9122","nvd":{"published":"2017-03-28T02:59:00.260","modified":"2026-06-17T00:55:33.317","status":"Modified","description":"go-jose before 1.0.4 suffers from multiple signatures exploitation. The go-jose library supports messages with multiple signatures. However, when validating a signed message the API did not indicate which signature was valid, which could potentially lead to confusion. For example, users of the library might mistakenly read protected header values from an attached signature that was different from the one originally validated.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-284"],"references":["http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/03/1","https://github.com/square/go-jose/commit/2c5656adca9909843c4ff50acf1d2cf8f32da7e6","https://hackerone.com/reports/169629","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/03/1","https://github.com/square/go-jose/commit/2c5656adca9909843c4ff50acf1d2cf8f32da7e6"],"products":["go-jose_project:go-jose"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:42:09.859288039+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2016-9122","score":0.01969,"percentile":0.804,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-77gc-fj98-665h","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-77gc-fj98-665h","summary":"Go JOSE Signature Validation Bypass","modified":"2024-05-20T21:20:33Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v1","purl":"pkg:golang/gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v1","ranges":["<1.1.0"],"fixed":["1.1.0"]}]},{"id":"GO-2022-0945","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2022-0945","summary":"Signature validation bypass in gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v1","modified":"2024-05-20T16:03:47Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Go","name":"gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v1","purl":"pkg:golang/gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v1","ranges":["<1.1.0"],"fixed":["1.1.0"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}