{"cve":"CVE-2016-4558","nvd":{"published":"2016-05-23T10:59:04.783","modified":"2026-06-17T00:47:46.947","status":"Modified","description":"The BPF subsystem in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 mishandles reference counts, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (use-after-free) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted application on (1) a system with more than 32 Gb of memory, related to the program reference count or (2) a 1 Tb system, related to the map reference count.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":7.0},"cwes":[],"references":["http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=92117d8443bc5afacc8d5ba82e541946310f106e","http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.5.5","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/06/4","http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3005-1","http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3006-1"],"products":["canonical:ubuntu_linux","linux:linux_kernel"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:38:51.654415212+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2016-4558","score":0.00865,"percentile":0.58662,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}