{"cve":"CVE-2016-4431","nvd":{"published":"2016-07-04T22:59:06.413","modified":"2026-06-17T00:47:32.603","status":"Modified","description":"Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks by leveraging a default method.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","score":7.5},"cwes":["CWE-20"],"references":["http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN45093481/index.html","http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000113","http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1009282","http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854","http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html"],"products":["apache:struts"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:38:51.654415212+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2016-4431","score":0.09755,"percentile":0.95527,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-vq79-mgpx-2wx4","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-vq79-mgpx-2wx4","summary":"Apache Struts Access Control Redirect","modified":"2023-11-08T03:58:28.565278Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.struts:struts-parent","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts-parent","ranges":[">=2.3.20 <2.3.29"],"fixed":["2.3.29"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}