{"cve":"CVE-2016-4003","nvd":{"published":"2016-04-12T16:59:04.313","modified":"2026-06-17T00:46:43.277","status":"Modified","description":"Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the URLDecoder function in JRE before 1.8, as used in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28, when using a single byte page encoding, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via multi-byte characters in a url-encoded parameter.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","score":6.1},"cwes":["CWE-79"],"references":["http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html","http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/86311","http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035268","https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-4507","http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-028.html"],"products":["apache:struts"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:37:48.328043465+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2016-4003","score":0.11562,"percentile":0.96032,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-m3x6-9v6h-4g28","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-m3x6-9v6h-4g28","summary":"Cross-site Scripting in Apache Struts","modified":"2024-02-16T08:21:52.300049Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","ranges":[">=2.0.0 <2.3.28"],"fixed":["2.3.28"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}