{"cve":"CVE-2016-0785","nvd":{"published":"2016-04-12T16:59:00.123","modified":"2026-06-17T00:38:13.673","status":"Modified","description":"Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a \"%{}\" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":{"version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","score":8.8},"cwes":["CWE-20"],"references":["http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html","http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/85066","http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035271","http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html","http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/85066"],"products":["apache:struts"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:37:48.328043465+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2016-0785","score":0.08884,"percentile":0.95223,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[{"id":"GHSA-876p-4wgc-75rx","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-876p-4wgc-75rx","summary":"Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability","modified":"2024-02-16T08:22:46.726550Z","packages":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","ranges":[">=2.0.0 <2.3.20.3"],"fixed":["2.3.20.3"]},{"ecosystem":"Maven","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","ranges":[">=2.3.24 <2.3.24.3"],"fixed":["2.3.24.3"]}]}],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}