{"cve":"CVE-2012-4481","nvd":{"published":"2013-05-02T14:55:05.160","modified":"2026-06-16T23:45:10.853","status":"Modified","description":"The safe-level feature in Ruby 1.8.7 allows context-dependent attackers to modify strings via the NameError#to_s method when operating on Ruby objects.  NOTE: this issue is due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2011-1005.","cvss_v4":null,"cvss_v3":null,"cwes":["CWE-264"],"references":["http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0129.html","http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0612.html","http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:124","http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/05/4","https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=863484"],"products":["ruby-lang:ruby"],"source":"nvd","synced_at":"2026-10-19T20:29:16.037019470+00:00"},"epss":{"cve":"CVE-2012-4481","score":0.01941,"percentile":0.80135,"date":"2026-10-31"},"kev":null,"osv":[],"attribution":["This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.","EPSS scores: FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System, https://www.first.org/epss","Known exploited vulnerabilities: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","Package advisories: OSV (https://osv.dev), from the GitHub Advisory Database, PyPA, Go, RustSec and other ecosystem databases, under CC-BY 4.0 or CC0","CVE records: the CVE Program's CVE List (https://www.cve.org), under its terms of use (https://www.cve.org/Legal/TermsOfUse). CVE is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation; this product is not affiliated with the CVE Program."]}